{"id":28460,"date":"2023-12-19T10:58:02","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T10:58:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yojnaias.com\/hindi\/?p=28460"},"modified":"2023-12-19T13:03:54","modified_gmt":"2023-12-19T13:03:54","slug":"%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a7%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yojnaias.com\/hindi\/%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a7%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0926\u0932 -\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e :"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>( \u092f\u0939 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u2018 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u2019, \u2018 \u0926 \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0942\u2019 ,\u00a0 \u2018 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u2019 , \u2018 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926 \u091f\u0940\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u2019 \u092e\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u2018\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938\u2019 \u0914\u0930 \u2018 \u092a\u0940\u0906\u0908\u092c\u0940 \u2019 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e IAS \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0915\u0947 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\u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 2003<\/b><\/span> <b>\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964)<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><b>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 &#8211; \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0964\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>\u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e\u00a0 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 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\u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/b><\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094b <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><b>52\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 1985<\/b><\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 1967 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u092e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u095c\u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u00a0 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924\u093e\u092f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0926\/\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0926\u094b\u0902\/ \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 (\u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f) \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0924\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 , \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902\u00a0 \u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u00a0 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><b>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 1985 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, <\/span><b><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915-\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">&#8216;\u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><b>&#8216;<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0915\u094b <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><b>&#8216;\u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f&#8217;<\/b><\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><b>91\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 2003<\/b><\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0905\u092c \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>\u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u0926\u094b-\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u2018 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f \u2019 <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0905\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>\u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0932\u095c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0964<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u00a0 \u0938\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> <b>\u0938\u092d\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093f<\/b><\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937<\/b> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><b>&#8216;\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e<\/b><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drishtiias.com\/hindi\/daily-news-analysis\/judicial-review-2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8216;<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u0940\u0928 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f &#8211; \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0940\u0920\u093e\u0938\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092b\u0948\u0938\u0932\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>\u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u00a0<\/b><b>\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930<\/b><b>:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0948\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0917:<\/b><\/span> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928:<\/b><\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 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400;\">\u0915\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924 <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>&#8220;\u0906\u092f\u093e \u0930\u093e\u092e, \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0930\u093e\u092e&#8221;<\/b><\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0928\u093e\u0930\u093e <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>1960 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e 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400;\">\u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u090f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0920\u093e\u0915\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>\u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092b\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f<\/b><\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u094b \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092f\u093e\u091a\u093f\u0915\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0926\u093e\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0936\u093f\u0935\u0938\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0926 \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 , \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936, \u091d\u093e\u0930\u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093f\u092e\u093e\u091a\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 &#8211; \u092b\u0930\u094b\u0916\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0920\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \/ \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0936\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940 , \u091c\u094b \u091c\u0928\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0925\u093e \u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>\u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901:<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><b>\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b 4:<\/b> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b 4 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 <\/span><b>\u0915\u093f <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u091f\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0916\u094b\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>\u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u0926\u094b-\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <\/b><b>\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092f\u093e 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#0000ff;\"><b>\u091c\u0935\u093e\u092c\u0926\u0947\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0926 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>\u0938\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093f \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u0939 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092d\u0940 \u0932\u0917 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0940 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#ff00ff;\"><b>&#8216;\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928&#8217;<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"> <b>&#8216;\u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f&#8217;<\/b><\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0939 <\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><b>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928) \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 (\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0940-\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915-\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928) \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u0903 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u093e\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e \u091c\u0924\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093f <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">,<\/span> \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0909\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0908 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u0926 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u092f\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>\u0938\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0938 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935:\u202f<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"><b>\u2018\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902\u2019<\/b> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0914\u0930<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\"> <b>\u2018\u0906\u0901\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \/ \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0932 \u2019<\/b> <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0938\u092d\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0938 \u0915\u092e\u095b\u094b\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u0925\u093e <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>\u0905\u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f (Dissent) \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0932 \u092c\u0926\u0932 (Defection) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \/ \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0939:<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0915\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0935 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0909\u0928 \u0935\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 <\/span><b>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u091c\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u094b\u0926\u0928 \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0905\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><b>\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 (NCRWC)<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0926\/ \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0918\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u092a\u0940\u0920\u093e\u0938\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0924\u093f (\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902) \u0905\u0925\u0935\u093e \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093e\u0932 (\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u092f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902) \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0932\u093e\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>\u0939\u094b\u0932\u094b\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092b\u0948\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u092e\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e<\/b><\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\">\u0905\u0928\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0947\u0926 4 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0906\u092f\u094b\u0917, 1999 \u0914\u0930 NCRWC, 2002 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u0941\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0932 &#8211; \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0932\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0940\u092f<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0938\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u093e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #0000ff;\"> \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u0941\u0930\u0924<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/yojnaias.com\/hindi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/yojna-daily-current-affairs-hindi-med-19-DEC-2023.pdf\" style=\"color:red;\">Download yojna daily current affairs hindi med 19th DEC 2023<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 :<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Q. 1. \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <\/b><b>\u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0925\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f<\/b><b>\u0964<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092f\u0939 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0938\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/span><b>\u0964<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0907\u0938\u0947 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">52\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 1985 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">91\u0935\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0948\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, 2003 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0948\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u092e-\u0938\u0947-\u0915\u092e \u0926\u094b-\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u2018 \u0935\u093f\u0932\u092f\u2019\u00a0 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0939\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f (Dissent) \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0926\u0932 \u092c\u0926\u0932 (Defection) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0930\u0939 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>\u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0925\u0928 \/ \u0915\u0925\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 ?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(a). \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 1 , 3 \u0914\u0930 4\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(b). \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 2 , 3 \u0914\u0930 4\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(c). \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(d). \u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 &#8211; (d)<\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 :<\/b><b> <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><b>Q. 1. \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925 \u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0924\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 ? \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0938\u092d\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0930\u0941\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u0948 ? \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>( \u092f\u0939 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u2018 \u0907\u0902\u0921\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u2019, \u2018 \u0926 \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0942\u2019 ,\u00a0 \u2018 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u2019 , \u2018 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u0926 \u091f\u0940\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u2019 \u092e\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u2018\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938\u2019 \u0914\u0930 \u2018 \u092a\u0940\u0906\u0908\u092c\u0940 \u2019 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e IAS \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0935&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-affairs-hindi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0926\u0932 -\u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e : - Yojna IAS | Best IAS and UPSC Coaching Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u2019 \u092e\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u2018\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0938\u2019 \u0914\u0930 \u2018 \u092a\u0940\u0906\u0908\u092c\u0940 \u2019 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e IAS \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0935...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/yojnaias.com\/hindi\/\u0926\u0932-\u092c\u0926\u0932-\u0935\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940-\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928-\u0915\u0940-\u0935\u0930\u094d\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Yojna IAS 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