Wild polio virus

25 May 2022 Wild polio virus

Wild polio virus – Today Current Affairs

• In Mozambique, this week the country’s first case of ‘wild poliovirus type 1’ has been confirmed after a child was infected with the disease.
• This is the first case of the disease in Mozambique since 1992 and the second imported case of ‘wild poliovirus’ in South East Africa this year.
• Earlier this year, an outbreak of the disease was reported in the country of ‘Malawi’ in South East Africa.

 Note: Until now, ‘wild polio virus’ was found (endemic) only in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Today Current Affairs

What is ‘polio’?

• Polio or poliomyelitis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as ‘a highly contagious viral disease’. This disease mainly affects young children.

Transmission : The Hindu Analysis

• The polio virus is mainly transmitted from person to person through the faecal route or other common carriers (such as contaminated water or food).
• By reaching the intestines, the number of this virus multiplies and from there it reaches the nervous system and causes paralysis.

When a country is declared polio-free? The Hindu Analysis

• There are three types of ‘polio virus’, whose number is 1 to 3. For a country to be declared polio-free, it is imperative to stop the uncontrolled transmission of all three types of viruses.
• Further, for ‘polio eradication’, both wild and vaccine-derived polio infections have to be reduced to zero.
• After receiving any evidence of virus for three years, India was declared polio free in January 2014. This achievement is considered widely inspired by successful ‘Pulse Polio Campaign’.

India’s efforts in this regard : The Hindu Analysis

• To prevent the transmission of polio virus in India, under the Pulse Polio programme, all states and union territories have formed ‘Rapid Response Teams’ to deal with any polio outbreak in the country.
• Government has made oral polio vaccination (OPV) compulsory for those traveling between India and polio affected countries, such as Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Syria and Cameroon since March 2014.

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