5G

24 Aug 2022 5G

Prelims: Current events of national and international importance; General Science.
Mains: Science and Technology- Developments and their Applications and Effects in Everyday Life; Indigenization of Technology and Developing New Technology; Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics.

What is 5G?

• 5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks.
• 5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone and everything together including machines, objects, and devices.
• 5G has higher performance and improved efficiency as it will deliver higher multi-Gbps peak data speeds, ultra-low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity, increased availability, and a more uniform user experience to more users. empower new user experiences and connect new industries.
• 5G is designed for forwarding compatibility i.e. the ability to flexibly support future services that are unknown today.

What are the previous generations of mobile networks?

• First generation – 1G, the 1980s: 1G delivered analog voices
• Second generation – 2G, Early 1990s: 2G introduced digital voice (e.g. CDMA- Code Division Multiple Access).
• Third generation – 3G,Early 2000s: 3G brought mobile data (e.g. CDMA2000).
• Fourth generation – 4G LTE, the 2010s: 4G LTE ushered in the era of mobile broadband.

Who invented /owns 5G?

• No one company or person owns 5G, but several companies within the mobile ecosystem are contributing to bringing 5G to life.

What underlying technologies make up 5G?

• 5G is based on OFDM (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing), a method of modulating a digital signal across several different channels to reduce interference. 
• 5G uses the 5G NR air interface alongside OFDM principles. 
• 5G  uses wider bandwidth technologies such as sub-6 GHz and mmWave.

How is 5G better than 4G?

There are several reasons that 5G will be better than 4G:

• 5G is faster than 4G:5G can be significantly faster than 4G, delivering up to 20 Gigabits-per-second (Gbps) peak data rates and 100+ Megabits-per-second (Mbps) average data rates.
• 5G has more capacity than 4G:5G is designed to support a 100x increase in traffic capacity and network efficiency.
• 5G has significantly lower latency than 4G:5G has significantly lower latency to deliver more instantaneous, real-time access: a 10x decrease in end-to-end latency down to 1ms.
• 5G is a unified platform that is more capable than 4G: While 4G LTE focused on delivering much faster mobile broadband services than 3G, 5G is designed to be a unified, more capable platform that not only elevates mobile broadband experiences but also supports new services such as mission-critical communications and the massive IoT. 5G can also natively support all spectrum types (licensed, shared, unlicensed) and bands (low, mid, high), a wide range of deployment models (from traditional macro-cells to hotspots), and new ways to interconnect (such as device-to-device and multi-hop mesh).
• 5G uses spectrum better than 4G:5G is also designed to get the most out of every bit of spectrum across a wide array of available spectrum regulatory paradigms and bands—from low bands below 1 GHz to mid bands from 1 GHz to 6 GHz, to high bands known as millimeter wave (mmWave)

Where is 5G being used?

5G is used across three main types of connected services, including enhanced mobile broadband, mission-critical communications, and the massive IoT.

• Enhanced mobile broadband:5G mobile technology can usher in new immersive experiences such as VR and AR with faster, more uniform data rates, lower latency, and lower cost-per-bit.
• Mission-critical communications:5G can enable new services that can transform industries with ultra-reliable, available, low-latency links like remote control of critical infrastructure, vehicles, and medical procedures.
• Massive Internet of Things(IoT): 5G is meant to seamlessly connect a massive number of embedded sensors in virtually everything through the ability to scale down in data rates, power, and mobility—providing extremely lean and low-cost connectivity solutions.

Sources: The Hindu, Qualcomm, PWC, Business Standard, Tulane University website.

Source Links:

1. The Hindu: https://bit.ly/3RxhItm, https://bit.ly/3DcrZXl

2. Qualcomm: https://bit.ly/3cXxuif

3. PWC: https://pwc.to/3eEnUkM

4. Business Standard:https://bit.ly/3TRow6N

5. Tulane University website: https://bit.ly/3RKVKTa

Yojna ias daily current affairs eng med 24th August

khushhal chauhan