27 Sep 2023 Vibrio vulnificus
This article covers “Daily Current Affairs” and the Topic details “Vibrio vulnificus”. This Topic has relevance in the Science and Technology section of the UPSC CSE exam.
GS 3: Science and Technology
Why in the news:
Studies indicate that Vibrio vulnificus is likely to experience increased growth and proliferation as a consequence of the favorable environmental conditions created by rising ocean temperatures and increased precipitation.
Origin and Transmission of Vibrio vulnificus:
Natural Habitat: Vibrio vulnificus is naturally found in marine environments, primarily thriving in warm coastal waters characterized by low salinity levels.
Transmission Routes:
- Consumption of Contaminated Seafood: People can contract Vibrio vulnificus by consuming raw or undercooked seafood that has been contaminated with the bacterium.
- Contact with Open Wounds or Cuts: Another mode of transmission occurs when open wounds or cuts come into contact with waters where Vibrio vulnificus is present. Such contact can result in a severe and potentially life-threatening flesh-eating disease, which carries a mortality rate ranging from 15% to 50%.
Symptoms:
- Consumption of Infected Raw Shellfish: When Vibrio vulnificus is ingested, it can lead to symptoms including diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. In individuals with compromised immune systems, these symptoms can be severe.
- Exposure to Wounds: If the bacterium enters the body through wounds, it can initially cause localized symptoms such as pain, swelling, and redness at the infection site. In severe cases, this can progress to necrotizing fasciitis, a life-threatening condition characterized by rapid skin and soft tissue deterioration. When the infection enters the bloodstream, it can result in septicemia, leading to more severe symptoms like high fever, confusion, and organ failure.
High-Risk Groups: Individuals who have underlying medical conditions such as chronic liver disease, cancer, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes, as well as those with weakened immune systems, are at an elevated risk of experiencing severe infections.
Treatment: Treatment typically involves antibiotics to combat the infection. However, the effectiveness of treatment decreases if the bacterium has already entered the bloodstream. In severe cases, especially when the infection has progressed to gangrene or septicemia, surgical procedures like amputation may be necessary.
Download Yojna daily current affairs eng med 27th Sep 2023.pdf
Q.1 What are the primary modes of transmission for Vibrio vulnificus infections?
(a) Inhalation of airborne bacteria and direct skin contact
(b) Consumption of contaminated water and mosquito bites
(c) Consumption of infected raw or undercooked seafood and contact with open wounds
(d) Contact with infected animals and swimming in chlorinated pools
ANSWER: C
Q.2 Vibrio vulnificus infection can potentially cause:
(a) Pneumonia
(b) Meningitis
(c) Septicemia
(d) Gastritis
ANSWER: C
Q.3 “Discuss the interplay between climate change and the emergence of super pathogens. How does global warming affect the evolution and spread of infectious diseases?
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